Top 27 Best Programming Languages To Learn For A Thriving Career

1.) Python

Python is gradually gaining its popularity in the tech market and is becoming one of the most programming languages in the current time. One of the reasons of popularity is that it is a free, open-source programming language with easy syntax. It offers extensive support for modules and community development, user-friendly data structures, easy integration with web services, GUI-based desktop apps, and more. It is suitable for machine learning apps and deep learning apps. 

It can be used to build 2D / 3D animation packages, and it can be used to build powerful video games too. Python is used for building scientific and computational apps. You can learn more Python language online and gain a professional certification, that can demonstrate your programming language skills.  

Popular apps like YouTube, Pinterest, Quora, Instagram, etc., uses Python as their foundation programming language.  

Level	Python can be learned by anyone, technical or non technical background professional. Making it a beginner friendly programming language.
Skills Needed	Critical thinking, Problem-solving approach, basic programming language.
Platform	Web & Desktop
Pros	It is flexible, natural, intuitively readable, and highly suitable for documentation and office tutorials.
Popularity	According to TIOBE index, Python overtook Java and C as the most popular programming language, used by data scientists, web developers, software engineers and software developers. According to TIOBE index, its among the top three programming languages choices for software tools, website development, embedded systems, big data technologies, cloud based applications, etc, for the past 20 years
Certification	Learn Python Online
Annual Salary Projection	On an average developers earn $109,092 annually.

Pro Tip: Have a look at this tutorial if Python programming language intrigues you!

2. ) Java Programming Language

Java is one of the best and in-demand programming languages that are used today. It is also one of the best coding language to learn. Owned by the Oracle Corporation, it is a general-purpose programming language with an object-oriented structure. Java has become a standard for app development that can be utilized regardless of the platform. 

It is based on the “Write once and Run everywhere” concept. Because of its endless capabilities, Java has become highly portable, from mainframe data centers to smartphones. Today, more than 3 million devices run apps based on Java.

Java is used everywhere in web application development, android apps, Big Data processing, etc. It is used at the backend of popular websites, including Amazon, Twitter, Google, YouTube, etc. It is used with hundreds of apps worldwide. A few popular Java frameworks are Spring, Struts, Hibernate, etc. 

With millions of Java developers, there are multiple ways of learning Java programming. You may join online Java forums to solve complex programming problems. Java is a huge community and gets a lot of support from its users. Java is indeed tough to learn, but skilled Java resources are high-in-demand.

Level	Someone with basic programming knowledge of OOPs concepts can work well in Java
Skills Needed	Problem-solving attitude and OOPs concepts
Platform	Mobile, Web & Desktop
Popularity	Ever since its released in 1996, Java has been one of the top choices among the  developers, with more than 12million IT engineers users worldwide.
Pros	It is good to start with intermediates. It allows you to access different parts of the computer and build modern programs that can be made to run on different operating platforms.
Certification	Learn Java Online
Annual Salary Projection	On an average developers earn $109,225 annually.

3.) JavaScript JS Language

JS is an object-oriented programming language that is used to design innovative or interactive animation effects inside browsers. Alongside CSS and HTML, JS is one of the three core technologies of the World Wide Web (www). It is used at the front end of popular websites like Amazon, YouTube, Facebook, Wikipedia, Google, etc. It is generally used with popular frameworks like NodeJS, ReactJS, AngularJS, etc. 

Level	Intermediate – The basic programming knowledge of OOPs concepts can help you to advance your career in JS.
Skills Needed	OOPs concepts, HTML, CSS
Platform	Web
Popularity	Almost all electronic device, Windows, Linux, Android, iOs, Smart TVs, etc, uses JavaScript frameworks. According to a study, in 2022, 98% of all the websites in the world uses JavaScript as their client-side promming language.
Pros	It is good to start with intermediates. It can be used with different browsers to create wonderful animation effects.
Annual Salary Projection	On an average developers earn $112,152 annually.

4.) SWIFT

2017 Swift was ranked as one of the top 10 most popular programming languages. Apple developed it in 2014, which is good for MAC and LINUX apps. It is an open-source programming language that can be learned quickly. It supports the basic programming concepts from Objective C language. It uses fewer lines of code when compared to other programming languages. It can be used with IBM Bluemix and IBM Swift. It is used with IOS apps like Mozilla, Firefox, WordPress, SoundCloud, etc. 

Level	Intermediate – The basic programming knowledge of C language can help you advance your SWIFT programming language career.
Skills Needed	Objective C basics
Platform	Mobile, Web, and Desktop
Popularity	SWIFT is relatively popular among programmers as its 14th most popular languages in the programming world. And it is also 20th most used programming languages worldwide.
Pros	Swift is good to start with intermediate level professionals. It uses minimal lines of code when compared to other similar programming languages.
Annual Salary Projection	On an average developers earn $106,652 annually.

5.) C++ Programming Languages

C is one of the oldest and most used programming languages, or we can say the root of most programming languages like Java, JavaScript, Swift, C++, etc. A few programmers skip learning C, while others consider it the base of most programming languages. If you are a degree holder, you must have learned C language in your course. C++ is the advanced version of the C programming language, and both programming languages are used widely in computer science and programming. 

Both languages use compilers for multiple platforms, and apps designed in these languages are largely transportable. These are high-level languages and are used widely for app development everywhere. Performance may be critical in commercial products, client-server apps, Video games, etc.

• Level: C – Intermediates, C++ - Beginners
• Skills Needed: Problem-solving, Basic computer skills, knowledge of different computer functions, memory management, etc.
• Platform:  Mobile, Desktop, and Embedded.
• Popularity: C++ has established itself as a programming langugae star on TIOBE index, with its 13.94% index in 2023, making it third most popular programming languages amongst programmers and developers. 
• Many migrations are noticed from C to C++, while C++ is considered one of the best programming languages based on OOPs concepts.
• Pros: C is used to learn the language fundamentals at a low level. C++ allows much greater control than other programming languages.
• Annual Salary Projection: On an average developers earn $118,366 annually.

6.) Ruby

If you want to consider one of the Best Programming Languages To Learn in 2024 with an easy syntax that can be learned quickly, then Ruby can be considered a suitable choice here. It was developed in the 1990s and designed to have a more user-friendly syntax that was unavailable earlier. It is more flexible because of its object-oriented architecture and supports procedural and functional programming notation. 

If some web application framework is implemented on the Ruby platform, it is named the Ruby on Rails framework. Programming in Ruby is much easier and can only be learned quickly. Because of these features, Ruby has become one of the best programming languages and best coding language to learn.

• Level: Beginner: It has evolved and become extensively popular for web programmers.
• Skills Needed: Problem-solving and abstract thinking.
• Platform:  Web
• Popularity: Ruby programming language is a popular choice among startup companies ad small businesses for because of its easy of access, low-cost entry, and instant development capabilities. These are the reason why Ruby stands at 16th position st TIOE index for most popular programming languages with an index of 0.83%
• Pros: It is highly flexible, and syntax is easier to write and read than other programming languages. It enforces a good programming style among professionals.
• Annual Salary Projection: On an average developers earn $121,070 annually.

7.) C# Programming Language

Microsoft developed C# Programming Language and rose to fame in the 2000s. It supports OOPs concepts and is one of the most powerful and most used programming languages for the .NET Framework. C# is more similar to C++ than Java. It is suitable for Windows, Android, and IOS apps. It is used at the backend of several websites like Dell, Bing, and more. 

• Level: Beginner: It has evolved and become extensively popular among application programmers
• Skills Needed: OOPs concepts, C++
• Platform:  Web, Desktop, Mobile
• Popularity: C# is currently the 5th most popular programing language according to TIOBE index. It is the popular choice for developers when developing desktop application, mobile application, or web development, all thank sto Microsoft and .NET framework. 
• Pros: It is very much similar to C++, not Java. It is used at the backend of websites and is suitable for designing the most robust apps for different operating platforms.
• Annual Salary Projection: On an average developers earn $111,760 annually.

8.) PHP

PHP is a server-side scripting language that dominates over 83% of website worldwide and is one of the go-to options for web developers. 

PHP can be embedded with web templates and is generally used to enhance the functionality of HTML web pages. It transfers the data through query databases like PostgreSQL and MySQL. PHP is used for various purposes like data verification, cookie creation, data collection, display of dynamic content or images, etc. 

Php is a vital backend tool that is highly suitable for tech giants like Wikipedia, Facebook, Yahoo, etc. 

Like JS, PHP also offers several frameworks like DRUPAL and more that help developers build apps faster and make them more robust, secure, and scalable. You can also work as a freelance PHP developer and earn good salary packages. With over 75 million websites running on WordPress, there is a huge demand for PHP developers who can build or customize plugins and provide technical assistance. 

• Level: Beginner: It has evolved and become extensively popular for web programmers.
• Skills Needed: Problem-solving and abstract thinking.
• Platform:  Web
• Popularity: PHP continues to dominate the market as nearly 80% of websites use PHP for their basic functions. Despite slipper down from 5th position in 2017 to 8th position in 2022, PHP remains one of the popular languages used by major platforms like, WordPress and Facebook. 
• Pros: it is a scripting language used in the backend of websites with multiple frameworks and is easy to learn with the right zeal to continue.
• Annual Salary Projection: On an average developers earn $107,409 annually.

9) Go

Go, also known as Golang, is a programming language that was developed by Google in 2007. Initially created for APIs and web applications, Go has gained significant popularity recently and has become one of the fastest-growing most used programming languages. Its simplicity and ability to handle multicore and networked systems and massive codebases contribute to its appeal.

Go was specifically designed to meet the requirements of programmers working on large projects. Its modern structure and familiar syntax have attracted many large IT companies, including Google, Uber, Twitch, Dropbox, and others, who have adopted Go as their programming language of choice. 

Additionally, Go is gaining traction among data scientists due to its agility and performance capabilities.

In terms of salary, Go developers can expect to earn a competitive income.

• Level: Beginner to intermediate
• Skills Needed: If you know one other programming language, it's easy to learn.
• Platform:  Cross-platform, mainly desktop
• Popularity: Go may not be as popular as Java or Python, but its gaining its popularity among software engineers because of its strengths in combining right features, built-in concurrency, garbage collection, and comparatively good performance. All these qualities put Go at 10th position on TIOBE index. 
• Pros: Minimalist, easy to learn, transparent code, compatibility, and fast performance make it a popular choice.
• Annual Salary Projection: On an average developers earn  $141,654 annually.

10) R

R, an open-source language, derives from the S language and is compatible with much of its code. It is extensively used for statistical processing, encompassing modeling, testing, visualization, and analysis. R allows interaction with various databases and handling structured and unstructured data.

Although R has a moderate learning curve and may be challenging for beginners, it benefits from a vibrant online developer community, which is advantageous for acquiring coding skills. 

• Level: Intermediate
• Skills Needed: Recommended for people who have good skills in mathematics
• Platform:  Mainly Desktop
• Popularity: R language remains a highly popular programming languages, it ranks at 16th position on TIOBE index. It is particularly popular amongst statistical computing ad data visualization. 
• Pros: Open-source language with excellent data management support, a rich package ecosystem, cross-platform compatibility, and is well-suited for machine learning
• Annual Salary Projection: On an average developers earn $90,940  annually.

11) Kotlin

Kotlin, a general-purpose programming language, was initially developed by JetBrains as Project Kotlin in 2011 and officially released in 2016. It is compatible with Java and supports functional programming. Kotlin is widely utilized for Android, web, desktop, and server-side application development. Many consider it superior to Java, and it has gained popularity among developers. Hence keep Kotlin in mind, next time you think of “what programming language should I learn”.

Hence, Kotlin is one of the popular languages used by programmers at larger enterprises, such as, Trello, Pintrest, Uber, etc. 

• Level: Intermediate to advanced
• Skills Needed: Experience in programming languages, significantly Java
• Platform:  Server, Mobile, Desktop, Web
• Popularity: Kotlin is ranked at 12th position at PYPL(popularity of programming language), with the maket share of 1.57% in 2022. 
• Pros: Kotlin is less verbose than Java and other languages, making it easier to adopt while fully Java-compatible.
• Annual Salary Projection: On an average developers earn $136,000 annually, with potential earnings reaching up to $171,500.

12) Matlab

Matlab, a proprietary programming language owned by MathWorks, was launched in the 1980s for scientists and engineers. It is widely utilized for developing machine learning and deep learning applications, enabling data analysis, algorithm creation, image processing, and research validation.

Compared to other languages mentioned, Matlab is generally considered easier to learn. MathWorks provides a comprehensive online resource dedicated to addressing Matlab-related queries.

• Level: Beginner
• Skills Needed: A basic programming understanding is recommended; it is not a prerequisite.
• Platform: Mostly desktop 
• Popularity: Matlab maintains its legacy by achieving 16th ranking at TIOBE idex. Despite its lo index, Matlab has a loyal fanbase that are dealing wit heavy numerical computations. 
• Pros: Simple to learn, facilitates algorithm testing, data analysis, and visualization.
• Annual Salary Projection: On an average developers earn $100,760 annually.

13) TypeScript

TypeScript, developed by Microsoft in 2012, is gaining recognition as a top programming language. It is a typed version of JavaScript, ideal for large code bases. It is used in client-side and server-side development to create JavaScript projects with type checking, preventing errors and ensuring stability.

• Level: Intermediate to Advanced
• Skills Needed: Basic understanding of JavaScript is required
• Platform:  Web
• Popularity: TypeScript is rapidly gaining its popularity and is one of the fastest growing programming languages of 2022. It serves as one of the primary alternatives to JavaScript, and has gained its popularity amongst large-scale JavaScript developers for project stability, code maintenance, and collaboration. 
• Pros: Excels in large-scale projects with the fastest-growing GitHub community, enhancing JavaScript development efficiency.
• Annual Salary Projection: On an average developers earn $75,199 annually.

14) Scala

A general-purpose language for the Java virtual machine combines the strengths of object-oriented and functional programming. It excels at bug reduction in complex applications. Scala is a versatile language suitable for tasks typically performed in Java. Notable companies like Netflix, Twitter, and the New York Times utilize Scala. 

• Level: Complex
• Skills Needed: Basic Java, C, C++, or Python knowledge is recommended.
• Platform:  Cross-platform
• Popularity: Scala is gradually gaining its popularity, and is ranked at 10th position as the most popular languages worldwide. One of its popular features used by developers is lazy evaluation or call-by-need, that enables developers to postpone the execution of any program. 
• Pros: Scala is compatible with Java and runs on JVM. It also has concise and expressive syntax aiding developers to write code that is both easy to read and understand. 
• Annual Salary Projection: On an average developers earn  $127,005 annually

15) HTML

HTML(Hypertext Markup Language) is the standard language for designing and developing web pages and application content. HTML uses various features and elements to design web page parts, such as images, links, tables, etc. Hence, it is also known as the backbone of almost every website that ever existed.  

HTML structures can be used to embed various objects, such as images and other interactive objects. It also aids in creating structured documents by using structural semantics for text elements, such as paragraphs, links, quotations, and other objects. 

• Level: Beginner 
• Skills Needed: Basic knowledge of syntaxes, attributes, and tags are required. The basic understanding of HTML and CSS is recommended. 
• Platform:  HTML is a platform-independent programming language. 
• Popularity: HTML, the foundation of web development, is widely used and popular amongst web developers. It is used by roughly 95% of all websites whose markup laguage is known. 
• Pros: HTML offers various advantages such as Simplicity, Scalability, and Compatibility across various devices,  
• Annual Salary Projection: On an average developers earn $62,617 annually.

16) CSS

CSS(Cascading Style Sheets) is a style sheet language mainly used in HTML or XML documents to describe the presentation and visual appearance. It helps define a webpage's layout, colors, fonts, and other visual aspects. CSS mainly works on HTML documents by selecting and applying visual styles to them. CSS style sheets control the HTML or XML by setting rules for web browsers. 

 CSS can be used in styling various HTML tags, bodies, heading, paragraphs, and other text document elements, and also the display grid components, such as tables, elements, and pictures. 

• Level: Intermediate-level language 
• Skills Needed: A solid understanding of HTML and its various properties, syntax, selectors, and values. 
• Platform:  CSS is a platform-independent language. 
• Popularity: It is a fundamental part of web development. And closely tied popularity with HTML's widespread usage. CSS is used by more than 96% of all websites. 
• Pros: CSS offers various advantages, such as flexibility, consistency, reusability, responsive designs, and better user experience. 
• Annual Salary Projection: On an average developers earn $48766 annually.

17) NoSQL

NoSQL(Not Only SQL) databases are a broad category of non-relational database management systems designed for high performance and scalability of the high volume of structured and semi-structured data. NoSQL is designed to address the limitations and requirements of modern web applications and big data applications. 

• Level: Intermediate to advanced level of database knowledge.
• Skills Needed: Understanding data models and query language is recommended. 
• Platform:  NoSQL can be operated at various operating systems platforms. 
• Popularity: NoSQL is gaining popularity due to its ability to handle structured and semi-structured data. Roughly 75% of all multiple database types comprise of both SQL and NoSQL databases. 
• Pros: NoSQL offers various advantages, such as a flexible data model, scalability, enhanced performance, high availability, and resilience against fault. 

18) Rust

Rust is another one of the most used programming languages by Mozilla and first released in 2010. It was designed for safety, performance, and concurrency. Rust combines low-level control over hardware resources with modern language features that help prevent common programming errors such as null pointer dereferences, buffer overflows, and data races. It provides reliable and efficient programming for system-level development and uses minimal memory storage space. Hence, ideal for embedded systems.  

• Level: Intermediate to Advanced level.
• Skills Needed: System programming language concepts and algorithms knowledge is recommended.
• Platform:  Rust can be used on various platforms, including Windows, macOS, Linux, and embedded systems. 
• Popularity: Rust's popularity has steadily risen due to its safety guarantees and performance benefits. According to Stack Overflow Developers Survey 2022, Rust is voted to be the most beloved programming languages, amongst 80,000 developers, and winning the title for the seventh time in a row. 
• Pros: Rust offers safety, performance, concurrency, expressiveness, and a strong tooling ecosystem, making it a reliable choice for systems programming with efficient code, built-in concurrency, expressive syntax, and comprehensive tooling support.
• Annual Salary Projection: On an average developers payscale ranges from $90,000 to $130,000 annually.

19) Perl

Perl is a high-level, general-purpose programming language developed by Larry Wall in the late 1980s. It is renowned for its adaptability, text-processing skills, and support for several programming paradigms, including procedural, object-oriented, and functional programming.

Perl is an interpreted high-level, general-purpose programming language. Despite the fact that "Practical Extraction and Report Language" is an acronym for Perl, it is not an official acronym. Larry Wall developed Perl in 1987 as a general-purpose Unix scripting language to facilitate report processing. It has gone through several alterations and updates since then. 

Perl is commonly recognized as the "Swiss Army knife" of programming languages due to its adaptability and strength. 

It is employed in many different processes, such as web development, network programming, system management, and other activities.

• Level: Intermediate to Advanced
• Skills Needed: Proficiency in Perl programming, understanding of regular expressions, text processing, and scripting concepts. 
• Platform: Perl can be used on various platforms, including Windows, macOS, and Unix-like systems. 
• Popularity: According to Stack Overflow Developer Survey of 2022, Perl was ranked 29th most popular programming language, used by approximately 2.21% of professiona developers. 
• Pros: Perl's advantages include powerful text processing capabilities, rapid development with concise syntax, and a vast library repository through CPAN for easy code integration.
• Annual Salary Projection: On an average developers payscale ranges from $60,000 to $110,000 annually.

20) Elixir

Elixir is an Erlang Virtual Machine (BEAM)-based functional and concurrent programming language. José Valim created it, and was originally made available in 2011. Elixir is intended to develop scalable and fault-tolerant applications, emphasizing high concurrency, distributed computing, and dependability.

Conversely, Elixir is easier to develop than Erlang because it uses functional programming techniques similar to Haskell. Elixir operates on the Erland virtual computer, which is ideal for low-latency distributed applications. The platform places a high value on scalability and fault tolerance. Lightweight threads of events, or processes, communicate with one another. These operations can operate concurrently, optimizing computer resources and making scaling vertically or horizontally easy. If something goes wrong, the platform displays to the developer the last known state that is guaranteed to operate.

• Level: Beginner, easy and fun to learn. 
• Skills Needed: To work with Elixir, you'll need a solid understanding of functional programming, familiarity with the Elixir language and its ecosystem, knowledge of concurrent and distributed systems, web development experience, and proficiency in testing and debugging.
• Platform:  Working with Elixir requires understanding and working with the Erlang virtual machine (BEAM) platform, including its principles, tooling, libraries, and frameworks.
• Popularity: Elixir has a growing popularity in web development for its performance, scalability, and fault tolerance, with an active community contributing to its ecosystem. According to Stack Overflow surveys, Elixir was ranked second among the most popular programming languages. 
• Pros: Elixir offers scalability, fault tolerance, productivity, interoperability with Erlang, and high performance, making it an ideal choice for building distributed systems, providing developer-friendly abstractions, leveraging existing libraries, and achieving efficient concurrency.
• Annual Salary Projection: On an average developers earn $116,759 annually.

21) Clojure

Clojure is a contemporary, functional programming language that runs on the Java Virtual Machine (JVM) and is aimed toward the Java ecosystem. Rich Hickey designed it, and it was initially released in 2007. The purpose of Clojure is to create a useful dialect of Lisp that combines the strength of functional programming with the dependability of the JVM.

Since Clojure is a general-purpose language with concurrency in mind, it enables several computations to run simultaneously. Clojure, on the other hand, is a Lisp language with simple syntax. These components provide a coding environment that enables developers to easily retain code while extending earlier projects to include modifications as necessary. 

Unsurprisingly, several businesses, like Adobe, Apple, and Netflix, have included Closure in their technology stacks.

This programming language works well with any JVM-related system since it was designed specifically for the Java Virtual Machine (JVM). 

• Level: Advanced
• Skills Needed: To work with Clojure, you need a solid understanding of functional programming, immutability, higher-order functions, and, optionally, familiarity with Lisp-like syntax, macros, and Java/JavaScript.
• Platform:  Clojure can be used on multiple platforms, with its primary platform being the JVM for compiled language execution, while ClojureScript targets JavaScript for web development and JavaScript-based environments.
• Popularity: Clojure has a dedicated and growing community, gaining popularity among developers who value its expressiveness, immutability focus, and functional programming features, despite not being as widely adopted as mainstream languages. Clojure as around 41% of adoption rate among software developers.
• Pros: Clojure offers expressive and concise code with its Lisp syntax and functional programming constructs, simplifies concurrent programming through built-in support, enables seamless integration with Java and JavaScript ecosystems, and facilitates rapid development cycles with REPL-driven development. 
• Annual Salary Projection: On an average developers payscale ranges from $80,000 to $120,000 annually.

22) Crystal

Crystal is an object-oriented programming language with a simple syntax that is ideal for Ruby developers because Ruby's grammar inspires it. Additionally, the language is static, which enables it to detect flaws sooner in the development process. This functionality prevents teams from making costly runtime errors, such as disregarding null references.  

As an added precaution, Crystal offers built-in type inference, so developers won't always be required to specify their language. Crystal further enables concurrency using a fiber system, enabling programmers to do more calculations without depleting memory. 

• Level: Intermediate to advanced.
• Skills Needed: Proficiency in programming concepts, object-oriented programming, familiarity with Ruby or other statically-typed languages, and knowledge of web development, databases, and Crystal frameworks (e.g., Amber or Lucky) are needed to work with the Crystal programming language.
• Platform:  Crystal is a versatile, cross-platform programming language suitable for developing web applications, command-line tools, and various software applications.
• Popularity: Crystal is an emerging programming language with a growing popularity and supportive community, although not as widely adopted as more established languages.
• Pros: Crystal offers advantages such as a familiar Ruby-like syntax, strong type inference for code safety and conciseness, efficient native code compilation for good performance, and a growing ecosystem of libraries and frameworks.
• Annual Salary Projection: On an average developers earn $70,200 annually.

23) Dart

Dart, another Google C-style language, is similar to JavaScript but has type safety. It can effortlessly be translated into JavaScript, Java for Android, native machine code, or a standalone Dart VM. Additionally, it has the ability to execute back-end code.

Dart is useful for creating user interfaces with code that is driven by events. Developers may instantly observe changes to their apps by using the hot reload command.

One member of the Dart team listed a few other benefits of the language, including optional static types, a low number of compile-time errors, and a potent built-in editor.

• Level: Intermediate to Advanced
• Skills Needed: A solid understanding of programming fundamentals and object-oriented principles, along with knowledge of asynchronous programming and frameworks like Flutter
• Platform:  Dart is widely used with Flutter to develop cross-platform mobile apps, enabling code sharing across iOS, Android, and the web, while Dart's ecosystem and tooling are particularly prominent within the Flutter framework.
• Popularity: Dart's popularity has soared due to its integration with Flutter, attracting developers with Flutter's cross-platform capabilities and ability to build high-quality mobile apps, resulting in increased adoption and a strong presence on platforms like GitHub with approximately 0.64% of the market share. 
• Pros: Dart offers cross-platform development with Flutter, a hot reload feature for quick code updates, high performance through AOT compilation, built-in support for asynchronous programming, and a growing ecosystem of libraries and packages for easy integration of third-party solutions. 
• Annual Salary Projection: On an average developers earn $80,000 to $120,000 annually.

24) F#

F# is an open-source, cross-platform programming language that falls in between general and functional languages. Many programmers view F# as simple as Python while providing a smoother experience than C# and Java. This could result from the language avoiding the clutter of semicolons, curly brackets, and other symbols, relieving developers of the need to specify the object type. As a result, working with F# simplifies tasks like processing lists and applying complicated type definitions. 

Thanks to its hybrid nature, F# is adaptable to various formats, including databases, websites, and .NET entities. 

Designers may depend on the robust type system of the programming language to identify typical mistakes no matter what components they are working with. These elements add to F#'s ease and versatility, contributing to the programming language's continued popularity.  So this is another best coding language to learn in your list.

• Level: Intermediate to Advanced
• Skills Needed: A solid grasp of functional programming, strong typing, and familiarity with the .NET ecosystem, including other .NET languages like C#, is advantageous.
• Platform:  F# is a cross-platform language that primarily targets the .NET platform, including Windows, macOS, and Linux, and is commonly used with the .NET Framework, .NET Core, and the Common Language Runtime (CLR).
• Popularity: F# boasts a dedicated community, though its popularity is relatively smaller compared to mainstream languages; it finds significant use in specialized domains like finance, data analysis, and scientific computing. F# is one of the highlest paid programming language in the world,
• Pros: F# excels in scientific computing, offering functional programming for concise and maintainable code, seamless interoperability with .NET, built-in support for asynchronous programming, powerful type inference, and scalability for high-performance computing.
• Annual Salary Projection: On an average developers earns $90,000 to $120,000 annually.

25) Apache Groovy

Apache Groovy was created to make life easier for Java developers by integrating with the Java platform. The programming language has succinct and flexible syntax, allowing developers to accomplish tasks in less time. This characteristic is among the numerous explanations behind Apache Groovy's flat learning curve, which rivals the simplicity of languages like Python. 

Apache Groovy supports static and dynamic languages, so developers do not have to pick between the two. These characteristics make Apache Groovy an excellent programming language for writing tests. Since the syntax is intended to be test-friendly, many Java developers have adopted it. 

• Level: Intermediate to Advanced
• Skills Needed: Familiarity with Java, OOP, scripting, and automation, and building tools like Gradle is essential for effectively working with Groovy.
• Platform:  Groovy runs on the Java Virtual Machine (JVM) and is compatible with multiple operating systems such as Windows, macOS, and Linux. It can be used in various development environments, including IntelliJ IDEA, Eclipse, etc.
• Popularity: Groovy has gained popularity in the Java community for scripting and build automation, particularly in projects requiring integration with existing Java code, though its popularity may vary by industry and project needs.
• Pros: Groovy provides concise and expressive syntax, seamless integration with Java, dynamic typing for flexibility, scripting capabilities for automation, and metaprogramming for runtime behavior modification, enhancing developer productivity and customization options.
• Annual Salary Projection: On an average developers earns $80,000 to $120,000 annually.

26) PureScript

PureScript is a fully functional programming language that compiles JavaScript. PureScript is the language most closely resembles Haskell and is ideal for creating server-side and web applications. It makes use of pattern matching, type classes, and algebraic data types, just like Haskell.

PureScript's types are expressive and provide type inference. Therefore, it requires considerably fewer explicit type annotations than other languages. One of its most significant advantages is its compatibility with other JavaScript-targeting languages.

• Level: Intermediate to Advanced
• Skills Needed: PureScript requires functional programming skills, familiarity with Haskell or similar languages, understanding of type systems, the ability to reason about code and knowledge of JavaScript interoperability.
• Platform:  PureScript is a language suited for frontend web development and can seamlessly integrate with JavaScript frameworks like React or Angular.
• Popularity: PureScript has a dedicated following in the functional programming community of 26.42% currently using PureScript, but lacks mainstream popularity compared to languages like JavaScript, Python, or Java.
• Pros: PureScript offers type safety for error detection, functional programming benefits like modularity and reusability, seamless interoperability with JavaScript, and performance optimization through compilation to JavaScript.

27) JAVA 17

Java 17 offers a new take on this well-known programming language, even though the Java pedigree dates back over two decades. This new Java version has a simplified syntax, which addresses the wordiness of prior Java versions. In addition to having a syntax that was difficult to understand, earlier Java versions also lacked a good means to investigate flaws when a program failed. Java 17 has a NullPointException functionality for identifying incorrect variables. 

To stay up with technological advances, Java 17 has the most recent modifications that make it compatible with the cloud and newer Apple systems. Developers and companies now have additional alternatives for incorporating Java into their tech stacks. 

• Level: Various levels, including beginners, intermediate, and advanced programmers
• Skills Needed: Developers working with Java require a strong grasp of programming fundamentals, OOP, Java syntax, and familiarity with the Java development ecosystem, including common libraries and frameworks.
• Platform:  Java is a versatile cross-platform language, allowing it to run on Windows, macOS, Linux, etc., as Java applications are compiled into bytecode, enabling execution on any system with a Java Virtual Machine (JVM).
• Popularity: Java's enduring popularity stems from its widespread usage in enterprise software, web applications, Android app development, and more, owing to its robustness, scalability, portability, and rich ecosystem of libraries and frameworks.
• Pros: Java offers benefits such as platform independence, strong community support, abundant libraries and frameworks, high performance, and favorable job market demand.
• Annual Salary Projection: On an average developers earns around $102,621 annually.