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Custom settings are similar to custom objects. We have to create our own custom setting similar to creating a custom object.).Custom settings are similar to custom objects and enable application developers to create custom sets of data, as well as create and associate custom data for an organization, profile, or specific user. The custom setting data can then be used by formula fields, validation rules, flows, Apex, and the SOAP API.
Apex runs in a multitenant environment, the Apex runtime engine strictly enforces limits to ensure that runaway Apex code or processes don’t monopolize shared resources. If some Apex code exceeds the limit then exception cannot be handled. When we need data we query from object and display, if we query multiple time there is chance of hitting governing limit. So to avoid governing limit we use custom setting. It allows us to store a set of data and access it without querying it from the apex.
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A type of custom setting that provides a reusable set of static data that can be accessed across your organization. If you use a using a set of data frequently within your application, then we need to write SOQL to fetch that record from object which might increase the chance to hit governing limit .So put that data in a list custom setting and without writing SOQL we can access it. Data in list settings does not vary with profile or user but is available organization-wide. Examples of list data include city, state, Zip code for the country.
A hierarchy custom setting allows us to “personalize” settings for specific profiles or users. It can control user or profile in the organization. The hierarchy logic checks the organization, profile, and user settings for the current. In the hierarchy, settings for an organization are overridden by profile settings, which, in turn, are overridden by user settings.
Navigation for Custom setting
Setup =>Build=>Develop=>Custom setting=>New 
Click on new to create fields 
After creating fields click on Manage 
Click on new 
Here without querying from the record we can fetch the data from server and display in viusalforce page using custom setting. How to get the Value from custom setting
public class DemoCustomSetting
{
public List<Country__c>getData {get;set;}
public DemoCustomSetting ()
{
Map<String,Country__c>alldata= Country__c.getAll();
getData = alldata.values();
}
}
Visualforce page
<apex:page controller="DemoCustomSetting" sidebar="false" >
<apex:form >
<apex:pageblock title="Person Details">
<apex:pageblockTable value="{!getData }" var="A">
<apex:column value="{!A.Name}"/>
<apex:column value="{!A.State__c}"/>
<apex:column value="{!A.City__c}"/>
<apex:column value="{!A.Zip_code__c}"/>
</apex:pageblockTable>
</apex:pageblock>
</apex:form>
</apex:page>
Preview 
Hierarchy custom setting
Read: What Are The Validation Rules? How To Create Salesforce Validation Rules?
Navigation for Hierarchy Custom setting
Setup =>Build=>Develop=>Custom setting=>New Hierarchy custom setting allows controlling user and profile on organization level.
Create a checkbox field in the hierarchy custom. Here we have taken two users Brandon jack and Peter parker. When the checkbox is true it will bypass the validation rule for that particular user.
Here checkbox is true for Brandon, so validation rule is not applicable for Brandon. If the account industry blank, then the record will not save. 
Save then click on Manage 
Write validation rule on the account object
| !$Setup.HierachySetting__c.Checked__c && ISPICKVAL(Industry,'') | ||
HierachySetting__c. is custom object Api name and Checked__c is checkbox field Api name.
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Login as brandon 
Record successfully saved 
Login as peter 
Got validation error 
We have tried creating a custom setting onin this blog. Remember, if you include custom settings in your distributed package, then you are required to create some builds that populate the settings with data after the package is installed. It is really easy to implement custom settings in your Salesforce CRM. So if you are planning to take certification on Salesforce then enroll with Janbask Traning. Happy learning!
Read: An Ultimate Guide To Salesforce Consultant Salary
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