Privacy Badger vs Disconnect They are not all for the same purpose nor work the same way, but some of them do have overlapping features. They are not all essentially the same, but you can divide them into these categories:
Ad blockers: UBlock, Ghostery, AdBlock Plus. They destroy annoying elements from websites – those that are trying to sell you something you don't need (or show your tits when you are not in the mood). It might be good to have one from this category, but not more. Less tracking: Lightbeam, Disconnect, Privacy Badger. These block cookies or other common elements between sites that can be used to combine your visits on different sites i.e. track you. They don't really care what you'll see, and they are less dependent on a predefined list of "unwanted" servers or sources. I think Lightbeam doesn't block anything but lets you see what's happening.
Privacy Badger has a list of known tracking sites but it also learns from your visits. Privacy Badger can remove some ads too, but if you really dislike ads, even still image banners, ad blockers are needed. Ad blockers can prevent Privacy Badger from learning new things, but the outcome with both enabled is similar. Read more from: How is Privacy Badger different from Disconnect, Adblock Plus, Ghostery, and other blocking extensions?
Self-destructing cookies deletes cookies when you close the browser, no matter what site. NoScript deals with all scripts rather than adds/tracking, and has an opposite whitelist based approach. NoScript removes some ads merely as a side effect. It doesn't handle tracking cookies, but it can help against browser fingerprinting by giving out less information.
HTTPS Everywhere has least to do with anything before: it prevents HTTPS downgrade attacks. You don't need several tools from a single category, but you may want one from every category as they work against different problems. While some tools might coincidentally end up doing tasks of another tool, this layering becomes handy when you whitelist a page on one tool. Say you want to disable your ad blocker on a media streaming site to be able to watch a video, or trust a site to run scripts mandatory for it to work properly, but the Privacy Badger still removes tracking elements etc.
