How cls token in BERT contribute to Overall sentiment?

In the context of data science, here are the steps given:-

Training phase

During the time of training, the BERT processes input sequences by first adding a cls token at the starting point. This particular token would represent what is learned by the training process to encapsulate the whole input sequence's meaning, which can be useful for downstream tasks such as classification or sentiment analysis. In other words, the cls token representation is used as the input to the classification layer which can help in predicting the sentiment label.

# Example using Hugging Face’s Transformers library

From transformers import BertTokenizer, BertForSequenceClassification

Import torch

Tokenizer = BertTokenizer.from_pretrained(‘bert-base-uncased’)

Model = BertForSequenceClassification.from_pretrained(‘bert-base-uncased’)

Inputs = tokenizer(“This is a positive review.”, return_tensors=”pt”)

Outputs = model(**inputs)

Logits = outputs.logits

Inference phase

During the time of Inference phase, after fine-tuning BERT on a sentimental analysis dataset, you would need to use the cls token similarly. The model would predict the sentiment label based on the representation learned during the time of training. In other words, you input the sequence by using the BERT model which would extract the representation of the cls toke and make predictions based on that representation.

# Example inference using the fine-tuned model

Inputs = tokenizer(“This movie is great!”, return_tensors=”pt”)

Outputs = model(**inputs)

Logits = outputs.logitsPredicted_label = torch.argmax(logits, dim=1)

Here is a Python-based script given which would demonstrate how you can use the “transformers” library from hugging face to perform sentiment analysis by using the BERT, including the use of the cls token:-

From transformers import BertTokenizer, BertForSequenceClassification

Import torch

# Load pre-trained BERT tokenizer and model for sequence classification

Tokenizer = BertTokenizer.from_pretrained(‘bert-base-uncased’)

Model = BertForSequenceClassification.from_pretrained(‘bert-base-uncased’)

# Example input sentence for sentiment analysis

Input_text = “This movie is fantastic! I enjoyed it.”

# Tokenize input text and prepare inputs for BERT

Inputs = tokenizer(input_text, return_tensors=’pt’)

# Perform forward pass through the BERT model

Outputs = model(**inputs)

# Get logits from the model output

Logits = outputs.logits

# Predict sentiment label

Predicted_label = torch.argmax(logits, dim=1).item()

# Define mapping from index to sentiment label (assuming a binary classification here)

Label_map = {0: ‘Negative’, 1: ‘Positive’}

# Print the predicted sentiment label

Print(f”Predicted sentiment: {label_map[predicted_label]}”)