Top 50+ Java Unit Testing Interview Questions and Answers For Freshers & Experienced

Introduction

Unit testing is considered as a vital phase in software testing. It is not easy to write unit test cases for everyone, but it demands more practice, knowledge, and techniques. To know everything about Unit testing and tips for writing robust test cases, you should join the Unit Testing Certification program at JanBask Training. Once you are done with the training, go through this Unit Testing Interview Questions blog and evaluate your current skills level. Let us start with basic questions first then we will discuss questions for the advanced workforce too.

Understand DevOps Tools and SLDC. Become an expert in Advanced Projects and Case Studies. Enroll in DevOps Certification Training now!

Unit Testing Interview Questions list

• Tell me about Unit Testing in brief.
• What is the total number of phases in a Unit Test Case?
• What are the various types of Unit Testing for a software app?
• What do you know about state-based Unit Testing?
• Tell me about interaction-based unit testing in brief.
• Have you ever used or worked on Unit test frameworks? If yes, name them.
• Tell me about the Junit testing framework.
• Who can perform Unit Testing?
• What do you know about the term Refactoring?
• How is unit testing different from Integration Testing?
• For QA, what is the right time to start with Unit Testing?
• Write the code for testing exceptions when using Array List.
• Write the code to check the testing timeout.
• What is the purpose of Unit testing for a software app?
• What can be avoided using Unit test cases?
• What is Faking?
• What is Mocking?
• What is Stubbing?
• Highlight any two or three features of mocking.
• How to compute the cyclomatic complexity of the code for unit test cases?
• What makes it tough achieving higher code coverage?
• How to design a good unit test case? Share your past experiences or strategies you have used during your work.
• What are the best practices to perform Unit Testing?
• What is Code Coverage?
• What Are the various code coverage techniques in software testing?
• What are the different unit testing techniques in QA?
• Tell me about the Statement Coverage? What is the formula to compute the statement coverage percentage?
• Write the sample code to check the statement coverage for the specific test scenario.
• Tell me about the Decision Coverage.
• Tell me about the Branch Coverage.
• Tell me about the conditional coverage? Have you used the same?
• Can you tell me a few testing tools that you have used for unit testing in the past?
• What are the common myths associated with Unit Testing? Can you justify your answer?
• List a few advantages that you have experienced with Unit Testing.
• Why did unit testing need to perform with other testing types?
• What are the best tactics you want to suggest to perform Unit Testing?
•  What is Branch Coverage?
•  What is the Advantage of unit testing?
•  Who can perform Unit Testing?
• How can Unit test cases be avoided?
• List some various coverage code techniques
• What does the term Refactoring mean?
• Tell me about Unit Testing in brief.
• What is the total number of phases in a Unit Test Case?
•  What are the various types of Unit Testing for a software app?
• What do you know about state-based Unit Testing?
• Tell me about interaction-based unit testing in brief.
• Have you ever used or worked on Unit test frameworks? If yes, name them.
• Tell me about the Junit testing framework.
•  Who can perform Unit Testing?
•  What do you know about the term Refactoring?
•  What Is Unit Testing? 

Unit Testing Interview Questions for Freshers & Intermediates

Let us now try and answer unit testing interview questions here:

Q1). Tell me about Unit Testing in brief.

Ans:-Unit Testing is used to check the independent modules of a software app during the development phase. An independent module can be anything like procedure, function, etc. Unit testing is done by developers and testers together before the integration testing. They have to write unit test cases as well if needed.

Q2). What is the total number of phases in a Unit Test Case?

Ans:-The working of a unit test case can be divided into 3 phases. At the first stage, it will initialize the specific module of a software app that you want to test. In the second stage, it will execute the test case. In the end, it will analyze the final output.

Q3). What are the various types of Unit Testing for a software app?

Ans:-

• State-based Unit Testing
• Interaction-based Unit Testing

Q4). What do you know about state-based Unit Testing?

Ans:-If you want to check if the final output is right or not, then it becomes state-based.

Q5). Tell me about interaction-based unit testing in brief.

Ans:-If you want to check the behavior of functions or procedures, whether they are invoked in the right way or not then it is interaction-based.

Q6). Have you ever used or worked on Unit test frameworks? If yes, name them.

Ans:-Yes, I do have practical knowledge of unit test frameworks, Junit, and TestNG.

Q7). Tell me about the Junit testing framework.

Ans:-Several test cases need to be executed repeatedly. If you need test cases for repeated execution then the Junit framework can help you.

Q8). Who can perform Unit Testing?

Ans:-Unit Testing is generally done at the development phase so that it can be performed by developers. At the same time, if developers are occupied with other development tasks then unit testing is generally performed by automation engineers and QA experts.

Q9). What do you know about the term Refactoring?

Ans:-If you want to revamp any existing code, then this technique is used. It is generally done in small steps where only the code is changed, not the functionality or the logic. It helps in bug fixing too.

Q10). How is unit testing different from Integration Testing?

Ans:-Users are generally confused between unit testing and integration testing. Here is a quick comparison between the two for your reference.

• Unit Testing checks each module closely, either it is working perfectly or not. At the same time, integration testing works on tested units or modules. When tested units are combined together, testers have to check their performance in real-time.
• Unit Testing works on simple scenarios, and its scope is narrower. On the other hand, integration testing is suitable for complex scenarios.
• Unit testing checks on the functionality of each module while integration testing will check how the system works as a whole. When both types of testing are used together, it makes a developer more confident in the software app.

Q11). For QA, what is the right time to start with Unit Testing?

Ans:-Starting testing at the last phase is not effective but it should be performed day by day. Mostly, Unit testing starts at the development phase and continues until the deployment. When testing is not performed from the very first stage, it saves your time, efforts, and investments too.

Q12). Write the code for testing exceptions when using Array List.

Ans:-Here is the sample code for your reference.

@Test (expected = IndexOutOfBoundsException.class) Public Void outOfBounds () { New ArrayList

Q13). Write the code to check the testing timeout.

Ans:-Here is the sample code for your reference.

@Test (timeout=100) Public Void infinity() { While (true); }

Q14). What is the purpose of Unit testing for a software app?

Ans:-It acts like documentation where the functionality of each individual component is recorded. Also, you can track quickly, what to test, and when.

Q15). What can be avoided using Unit test cases?

Ans:-When you are working with unit test cases, it helps to avoid long classes, functions, procedures, etc. There is no need to write lengthy code but focus on testing functionality of each small component step by step. It will make the development of large apps easy.

Unit Testing Interview Questions for Advanced Workforce

Q16). What is Faking?

Ans:- It is a class that is good for implementing interfaces without any logic. It just returns good or bad based on the implementation findings.

Q17). What is Mocking?

Ans:- It is a class that is suitable for exceptional handling, and it will give you a detailed idea of when a particular method was called. In case a method was not called by this class then you will be notified for the same.

Q18). What is Stubbing?

Ans:- Stubs can set dynamic values when exceptions are thrown by methods. It works similar to mock classes but does not give any idea of whether either methods were called or not.

Q19). Highlight any two or three features of mocking.

Ans:- It helps in working on interactions with how different modules are connected to each other. Also, it tests the particular block of the code in isolation.

Q20). How to compute the cyclomatic complexity of the code for unit test cases?

Ans:- You have to check a total number of decision points within the code to compute the cyclomatic complexity. In case the value is higher, achieving the code coverage can be tough. So, try to keep the number of decision points as minimum as possible.

Q21). What makes it tough achieving higher code coverage?

Ans:- It has more decision points, big methods, and multiple conditional loops.

Q22). How to design a good unit test case? Share your past experiences or strategies you have used during your work.

Ans:-

• A test case is easy to code, and developers or testers don’t have to put in more time or effort.
• It is easy to read, more reliable, and can be executed much faster than your expectations.
• It can interact with other test cases quickly and creates a suitable testing environment too.
• Unit test cases have to satisfy certain conditions like it will not access network resources, any database, or file systems. It is completely free of external factors.

Q23). What are the best practices to perform Unit Testing?

Ans:-  Here are the steps that you should follow while performing the Unit Testing.

• A developer will write or design test cases at the first stage that will help to check the functionality of each module independently.
• The best unit testing practice is to copy and paste the code in the testing environment instead of using the natural environment.
• You can use a unit test framework like Junit and TestNG for automating the testing process. These frameworks will help you verify whether all test cases are written well or not. It will speed up the testing process to a larger extent.
• So, the testing process can be divided into three categories broadly, designing test cases, reviewing, and executing test cases.

Q24). What is Code Coverage?

Ans:- It will give you a complete idea of which extent an application has been tested. It will highlight the area of the code that has not been entertained by test cases yet. You can quickly take actions on the highlighted area and make your application more suitable for the deployment.

Q25). What Are the various code coverage techniques in software testing?

Ans:- The code coverage techniques are given below for testing any software app.

• Statement Coverage
• Decision Coverage
• Branch Coverage
• Condition Coverage
• Finite State Machine Coverage

Q26). What are the different unit testing techniques in QA?

Ans:- They can be given as:

• White Box Testing
• Black Box Testing
• Grey Box Testing

Q27). Tell me about the Statement Coverage? What is the formula to compute the statement coverage percentage?

Ans:- It will study all statements in the code and recommend the necessary actions that can be taken as per the requirement. You can use the given formula for the statement coverage in Unit Testing.

Statement coverage = (number of executed statements / total number of statements) x 100

Q28). Write the sample code to check the statement coverage for the specific test scenario.

Ans:- It can be given as:

Prints (int a, int b) { -------- Printsum is a function int result =a+b; if (result> 0) Print ("positive",result) Else Print ("Negative", Result) } ----------- End of the Source Code

Q29). Tell me about the Decision Coverage.

Ans:- There are Boolean expressions within a software app. It will report the True or False result for a Boolean Expression. It is tough to implement, so developers have to be extra careful when working on the decision coverage. You can use the given formula for the Decision coverage in Unit Testing.

Decision Coverage = Number of decision outcomes exercised / Total Number of Decision Outcomes

Q30). Tell me about the Branch Coverage.

Ans:- It will help you in understanding the final output from each module. For example, if it is binary output, then it will check for the same. It will help you to check whether all modules are tested once or not. You can use the given formula for the Branch coverage in Unit Testing.

Branch Coverage = Number of Executed Branches / Total Number of Branches

Q31). Tell me about the conditional coverage? Have you used the same?

Ans:- As the name suggests, it is suitable for conditional statements. It will check how expressions are evaluated for any conditional statement. It does not give a guaranteed output, still useful in different test scenarios. You can use the given formula for the Conditional coverage in Unit Testing.

Condition Coverage = Number of Executed Operands / Total Number of Operands

Q32). Can you tell me a few testing tools that you have used for unit testing in the past?

Ans:- Well, various tools can be used for the testing purpose. Here are a few popular ones that I have used in the past.

Q33). What are the common myths associated with Unit Testing? Can you justify your answer?

Ans:- These are common myths associated with the Unit Testing that there is no need to perform the testing and it is time-consuming too. But the truth is unit testing is a mandatory approach that makes things easier for developers and smoothens other testing approaches too.

Q34). List a few advantages that you have experienced with Unit Testing.

Ans:- Here is a list of benefits I did notice when I was working on the last testing project.

• It is easy to test or maintain the code with unit testing.
• The code can be reused multiple times with unit test cases.
• Software is more reliable and ensures the best performance in the long run.
• It is easy to debug the code in less time and budget.
• Anyone can understand the functionality of each small individual component by checking the detailed documentation. 

Q35). Why did unit testing need to perform with other testing types?

Ans:- It is not expected to highlight each error in the software program. Also, it cannot work on integration errors but check independent units. This is the reason why unit testing needs to combine with other testing types like integration or performance testing.

Q36). What are the best tactics you want to suggest to perform Unit Testing? 

Ans:-

• Check that each unit is independent or not. If it is independent, only then it should be tested.
• Try to keep naming conventions as simple as possible so that they can be understood by anyone.
• As soon as you check a specific unit or module, fix the error immediately.
• You should write a different test case for each independent unit to be tested.

The list of unit testing interview questions is long, and you might come across unit testing interview questions which are not answered or mentioned in the blog, feel free to connect with our team for more. 

You can even leave comments on unit testing interview questions which you feel need to be answered and we will surely reach out to you with the right answers to your unit testing interview questions. 

Q37). What is Branch Coverage?

Ans:- Branch coverage is a test method to ensure that all access codes can be executed at least once each of the potential branches is executed from each decision point. In other words, every branch is right and wrong. In addition, it helps validate all the branches in the code to ensure that no branch results in abnormal application behavior.

Q38). What is the Advantage of unit testing?

Ans:- There are many advantages of unit testing; some are UT simplifies the debugging process. UT forces better code and design, whether you use C#, Python, Java, JavaScript, or PHP. It means that you have a well-defined and cohesive code. Using unit testing and good unit testing tools, the total cost of a project is reduced. Early detection of bugs means fewer late changes and easier problems than if they were made later.

Q39) . Who can perform Unit Testing?

Ans:- The developers usually perform unit testing during the development phase. At the same time, unit testing is usually done by automation engineers and QA experts if developers are occupied with other development tasks.

Q40) . How can Unit test cases be avoided?

Ans:- It can help avoid long classes, procedures, functions, etc., when you are working with unit test cases. No long code is necessary, but the functionality of each small component needs to be tested step by step. It makes it easy to develop big apps.

Q41) . List some various coverage code techniques

Ans:-Here is the list of coverage code techniques

1. Condition coverage
2. Statement coverage
3. Decision coverage
4. Branch Coverage

Q42). What does the term Refactoring mean?

Ans:- This technique is used if you want to revamp any existing code. It is usually done in small steps in which the code alteration is not the functionality or logic. It also helps to correct bugs.

Must Read: Usability Testing Interview Questions and Answers.

Q43) Tell me about Unit Testing in brief.

Ans:- Unit Testing is used to check the independent modules of a software app during the development phase. An independent module can be anything like procedure, function, etc. Unit testing is done by developers and testers together before the integration testing. They have to write unit test cases as well if needed.

Q44) What is the total number of phases in a Unit Test Case?

Ans:- The working of a unit test case can be divided into 3 phases. At the first stage, it will initialize the specific module of a software app that you want to test. In the second stage, it will execute the test case. In the end, it will analyze the final output.

Q45) What are the various types of Unit Testing for a software app?

Ans:-

• State-based Unit Testing
• Interaction-based Unit Testing

Q46 ) What do you know about state-based Unit Testing?

Ans:- If you want to check if the final output is right or not, then it becomes state-based.

Q47) Tell me about interaction-based unit testing in brief.

Ans:- If you want to check the behavior of functions or procedures, whether they are invoked in the right way or not then it is interaction-based.

Discover more on unit testing tutorial and gain an overview of unit testing approach and framework.

Q48) Have you ever used or worked on Unit test frameworks? If yes, name them.

Ans:- Yes, I do have practical knowledge of unit test frameworks, Junit, and TestNG.

Q49) Tell me about the Junit testing framework.

Ans:- Several test cases need to be executed repeatedly. If you need test cases for repeated execution then the Junit framework can help you.

Q50) Who can perform Unit Testing?

Ans:- Unit Testing is generally done at the development phase so that it can be performed by developers. At the same time, if developers are occupied with other development tasks then unit testing is generally performed by automation engineers and QA experts.

Learn more about Unit Testing and become familiar with functional application codes.

Q51) What do you know about the term Refactoring?

Ans:- If you want to revamp any existing code, then this technique is used. It is generally done in small steps where only the code is changed, not the functionality or the logic. It helps in bug fixing too.

Q52) What Is Unit Testing?

Ans:- Unit testing is validation and verification methodology where the developers test the individual units of source code. Some key points to be remembered from: –

• A unit is the smallest part in the application which can be tested. So it can be either a method. Function or class.
• These tests are conducted during development.
• Unit test belongs to the white box testing category

Final Words

The blog lists all important questions that may be asked by you when you appear for a Unit test Interview. Check them thoroughly and try to find answers on your own. You may be asked to write unit test cases at a higher level, so be prepared for that. If you don’t know how to write test cases practically then join the Unit Testing certification program at JanBask Training now and expand your knowledge base right away. Our experts will give you a deep idea of basic concepts, type of testing, testing methodologies at the basic level. Moving ahead, you will learn writing test cases and executing test scripts at the advanced level. So, enroll now and get certified!